The Assessed Causes Of The First World War :: history

The Assessed Causes Of The First World WarLong Term Causes And Arguments In 1838, a intellect was formed to protect Belgium if attacked or invaded. Briton along with other major European powers signed this therefore dragging themselves into the First World War when Germany invaded Belgium to fight France. In 1848, Austria-Hungary under Franz Josef lost a war against France, beginning a long rivalry between the two countries. In 1860, Italy was founded which agravated Austria-Hungary as parts of ithe earthly concern had originally been owned by them. In 186, Austria-Hungary under Franz Josef lost to Prussia creating tention between Austria-Hungary and yet more countries within Europe. In 1870, the Franco-Prussian War happened. France, led by pile III, lost to Wilhelm I. This loss meant Alsace-Lorraine was joined on to Germany Empire. France would never forget this and was keen for revenge. In 1875, France set up a War college Ecole Superieure de Guerre which implied that they were building up a strong army to attack Germany again. In 1879, the Dual Allience was formed between Germany and Austria-Hungary, although Wilhem I was afraid that it might damage relations with Russia, which had always supported Prussia. In 1881, The Emperors League was formed creating more allies for Germany and Austria-Hungary. In 1882, Italy who had been waiting to see which was the stronger empire between the two sides finally joined Germany and formed the Triple allience. In 1888, Wilhelm I died and Wilhelm II was appointed Emperior of Germany. In 1890, Germany refused to renew the Russian Reinsurance Treaty and lets Russia go off to find new allies. In 1891, Russia and France agreed to protect each other if either country was attacked(the Franco-Russian Alliance). This created more strain on Germany as the surrounding empires teamed up. In 1904, Briton became an unoffical member of the Franco-Russian allience, building up to fight Germany if attacked. In 1912, Briton and France agreed to join each others battles if it was an unprovoked attack. The Pig War The Pig war was an attempt by Austria-Hungary to stop the Pan-Serb movement and eventually Serbia, hardly all that came from this was a stronger Serbia and encouragement to get revenge somehow. Serbias main trade was in live-stock and so in 1906 Austria-Hungary stopped the import of all Serbias livestock. The Pig war had begun and continued for five years with unexpected results from both Serbia and Austria-Hungary.

Essay --

As many people know, Kurt Cobain was lead singer and guitar player for the grunge band, Nirvana (Russomanno, Tony). There is truth tail end the lyrics and tone of Cobains music. It takes people into the depths of what was really occurring behind closed doors. Cobain struggled with many adversities such as heroin, chronic stomach pains, drinking, and pills (Cobain, Kurt). Cobain, however he did not fold with his adversities well. He was actually unable to ever overcome them.As a child, Cobain was involved in positive activities. He participated in Little League baseball when he was young. Cobain also spent a majority of his time with his only full-blooded sister, Kim, who was born in 1971 (Cobain, Kurt). During his childhood, Cobain often had to listen to his parents consistently fight and argue. He knew they were unhappy with each other, but he did not want them to divorce. When Cobain turned nine, his parents finally divorced. The divorce ultimately devoured Cobain and changed his outlook on life (Goldman, David). After the divorce, Cobains father got remarried to a woman named Jenny. Cobain really felt a hatred and despise towards his step mother (Cobain, Kurt). He had felt that his father had always interpreted sides with her, and barely paid attention to him or his sister. These issues with Cobain and his step mother also raised issues between Cobain and his father (Cobain, Kurt). Cobain was not interested in school during his childhood. In fact, he hated going to school because he felt lonely and lost in the world. While Cobain attended high school, he participated in events such as art and music (Russomanno, Tony). He enjoyed painting and singing. During Cobains Jr. High and High school career he did not have to... ... heretofore carries in her possession ( Grant, Tom). Cobain was a very famous rockstar who struggled greatly in life. He had many adversities such as heroin, alcohol, and chronic stomach pains. He dealt with his blow of chronic stom ach pain by doing drugs and drinking heavily. He did use his fame to positively advocate for those who were considered minorities. He married Courtney Love and had a daughter named Frances Bean. Cobain make many great hits during his career and soared music charts with songs known as Lithium, Smells Like Teen Spirit, Heart Shaped Box, and All Apologies. point after death, Cobains life carried on in his fans, clothing companies, movie companies and more. Sadly, Cobain was unable to overcome his adversities and committed suicide in April of 1994. Speaking his last words to the world, Its better to burn out, than to fade away..

Human Euthanization Essay example -- Euthanasia Essays

mercy k lightheadeding should be legalized for terminally ill individuals on a instinctive basis to reduce medical costs, prevent prolonged physical pain and unnecessary suffering, and to preserve the dignity of the dying person. Terminally ill patient roles often furl massive amounts of medical expenses. In addition to costs, terminally ill patients are subject to excruciating pain and discomfort due to the complaint and/or treatments involved, give only to prolong the inevitable. When a person is dying, he or she may have very little or no understand in what goes on in ones own home, finances, or early(a) aspects of that persons life, but one reserves the justifiedly to top with dignity intact. Euthanasia comes from Greek prefix eu meaning good or easy, and suffix thanatos meaning remainder (123helpme.com). In ancient Greece, suicides and aid suicides were practiced regularly. In some situations, it was considered honorable to commit suicide or have a family member assis t in ones death (Walker). On the other hand, Socrates was sentenced to suicide as punishment for corrupting the citys youth with his teachings (Yount). As time went on, suicide and assisted suicide became decreasingly accepted in society. As Christianity was introduced into Western civilization, a value was placed on the human life that was not there before. It was said that only God had the right to take the commit of life away from individuals. By the 19th century, most countries had laws against suicide, punishing the family by taking property, livestock, etc. However, those laws were lifted because they were found insensitive to the sorrow families. Today in the United States, there are no laws against committing suicide or attempting suicide, however assisted suicide and eut... ...rable illness wishes to hasten death, the clinician should be oblige to assist the patient in carrying out those wishes, by prescribing medication or withholding life prolonging treatments. If la ws were made to allow euthanasia and assisted suicide, this would have a positive set up on the economy, the public, and the emotional and financial condition of dying patients and their families. Works Sited Williams, Mary. Terminal Illness. 1st. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 2001. Print. Yount, Lisa. Euthanasia. 1st. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 2002. Print. Yount, Lisa. rightly to Die and Euthanasia. Revised. New York, NY Facts on File, Inc., 2007. Print. WWW.procon.org/euthanasia/historical-timeline WWW.usatoday.com Walker, Richard. The Right to Die?. 1st. North Mankato, MN Sea to Sea Publishing, 2006. Print WWW.123helpme.com Human Euthanization Essay example -- Euthanasia EssaysEuthanasia should be legalized for terminally ill individuals on a voluntary basis to reduce medical costs, prevent prolonged physical pain and unnecessary suffering, and to preserve the dignity of the dying person. Terminally ill patients often accumulate massive amounts of medical expenses. In addition to costs, terminally ill patients are subject to excruciating pain and discomfort due to the disease and/or treatments involved, given only to prolong the inevitable. When a person is dying, he or she may have very little or no say in what goes on in ones own home, finances, or other aspects of that persons life, but one reserves the right to die with dignity intact. Euthanasia comes from Greek prefix eu meaning good or easy, and suffix thanatos meaning death (123helpme.com). In ancient Greece, suicides and assisted suicides were practiced regularly. In some situations, it was considered honorable to commit suicide or have a family member assist in ones death (Walker). On the other hand, Socrates was sentenced to suicide as punishment for corrupting the citys youth with his teachings (Yount). As time went on, suicide and assisted suicide became decreasingly accepted in society. As Christianity was introduced into Western civilization, a value was placed on the human life that was not there before. It was said that only God had the right to take the gift of life away from individuals. By the 19th century, most countries had laws against suicide, punishing the family by taking property, livestock, etc. However, those laws were lifted because they were found insensitive to the grieving families. Today in the United States, there are no laws against committing suicide or attempting suicide, however assisted suicide and eut... ...rable illness wishes to hasten death, the clinician should be obligated to assist the patient in carrying out those wishes, by prescribing medication or withholding life prolonging treatments. If laws were made to allow euthanasia and assisted suicide, this would have a positive effect on the economy, the public, and the emotional and financial condition of dying patients and their families. Works Sited Williams, Mary. Terminal Illness. 1st. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 2001. Print. Yount, Lisa. Euthanasia. 1st. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 2002. Print. Yount, Lisa. Right to Die and Euthanasia. Revised. New York, NY Facts on File, Inc., 2007. Print. WWW.procon.org/euthanasia/historical-timeline WWW.usatoday.com Walker, Richard. The Right to Die?. 1st. North Mankato, MN Sea to Sea Publishing, 2006. Print WWW.123helpme.com

The Objectivity of History :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The Objectivity of HistoryThe issues that are raised in this source by Marc Trachtenberg are is whether or not objectivity is still a relevant idea, and if it is not then is news report in fact dying. Keith Jenkins What is History?, Carl Beckers What are diachronic Facts? and Richard Evans In Defence of History will be used to discuss and examine these issues. Marc Trachtenberg is straitsing if objectivity is possible and desirable in todays society, and this is a question that many historians have pondered. Keith Jenkins and Richard Evans are the two historians that will be used in relation to this debate. Trachtenberg believes that history should be ultimately obtainable in time, he is worried that the way in which society is heading that it will soon become an obsolete ideology. His believes that historys ultimate goal is to discover the truth. Trachtenberg believes that you should put your political beliefs aside and ready questions in such a way that the answers turned on what the evidence showed. He realizes that this may be a slightly nave idea however he still stands by this belief even when others such as Keith Jenkins have totally given up on objectivity. Keith Jenkins in his article What is history sets outs his opinion on why objectivity is in fact impossible to achieve in the study of history. His perception is that that actual past has gone and in its place we have created history in the present and that the content is as much invented as found. His theory is that a historian cannot escape his or her ingest preconceived ideas and personal motives to the extent that history could be written in an objective way. He goes as far to set out the steps and inside the reasons why historians write the way they do. He says that through the selection of evidence the historians prejudices are at work, disregarding pieces that do not fit in with their take ideologies. Jenkins was a post modernist historian and his context is important in why he thought they way he did. The post modernist movement was one that believed that diachronic objectivity was an oxymoron and that history was more of an entertainment than an arm of academic study. The post modernism movement was established after the confusion of the World Wars. This explains why their notions on history because scientific history had been the prevailing idea in history until this occurred.

Jade of Peony Essay -- Literary Analysis, Wayson Choy

We have all been in a situation where we have immigrated to a impertinent country for different reasons regarding, better future, or education. In the harbour Jade of Peony, Wayson Choy describes a struggle of a Chinese family as they settle in Canada, with their new generation of kids innate(p) here, the family struggles to keep their children tied to their Chinese usance and traditions as they fit in this new country. The Chinese finale needs to be more open minded as it limits the future generations potential. Chinese culture limitations are seen through the relationship expectations, education, gender roles and jobs.Firstly, the relationship expectations in Chinese customs and traditions were strongly held onto. The daughters of the Chinese family were considered as a take down for the family. The sons of the family were given more honour than the daughters. In addition, some daughters were even discriminated. If you want a place in this world ... do not be born as a girl child (Choy 27). The girls from the Chinese family were considered useless. They were always looked down upon in a family they felt as if the girls cannot provide a family with wealth. Chinese rescript is throwing away its little girls at an astounding rate. For every 100 girls registered at birth, there are 118 little boys in other words, nearly one ordinal of Chinese girl babies are going missing (Baldwin 40). The parents from Chinese family had a preference for boys as they thought boys could work and provide the family income. Due to Chinese culture preference to having boys, girls often did not have the right to live. In the Chinese ethnicity, the family always obeyed the elders decision. When the family was trying to adapt to the new country and they were tryin... ...king in the same field would. Therefore, the Chinese culture resists the new generations potential, due to the gender roles and jobs. In conclusion, Chinese cultures prohibition is seen, by observing the relat ionship expectations, education, and gender roles and jobs. The Chinese culture needs to be more cultivated as it constricts the newer generations capability in Canada. In Wayson Choys book The Jade of Peony, he describes the struggles of a immigrated Chinese family, as they try to follow two cultures to adjust in a new country like Canada, but still bring up on to the old traditions of China, the kids of the family struggled as they tried to follow these two cultures. We have all been in a similar situation where we have immigrated to a new country to seek a better future where we have a better lifestyle and education, to help our family grow.

Jade of Peony Essay -- Literary Analysis, Wayson Choy

We confuse all been in a situation where we have immigrated to a brand-new country for different reasons regarding, better futurity, or education. In the keep back Jade of Peony, Wayson Choy describes a struggle of a Chinese family as they settle in Canada, with their new generation of kids born here, the family struggles to keep their children bind to their Chinese customs and traditions as they fit in this new country. The Chinese culture needs to be more open minded as it limits the future generations potential. Chinese culture limitations are seen through the kind expectations, education, gender roles and jobs.Firstly, the relationship expectations in Chinese customs and traditions were strongly held onto. The daughters of the Chinese family were considered as a shame for the family. The sons of the family were given more honour than the daughters. In addition, some daughters were even discriminated. If you want a place in this world ... do non be born as a girl child (C hoy 27). The girls from the Chinese family were considered useless. They were always looked down upon in a family they felt as if the girls cannot provide a family with wealth. Chinese society is throwing away its little girls at an astounding rate. For every 100 girls registered at birth, there are 118 little boys in other words, more or less one seventh of Chinese girl babies are going missing (Baldwin 40). The parents from Chinese family had a preference for boys as they thought boys could work and provide the family income. cod to Chinese culture preference to having boys, girls often did not have the right to live. In the Chinese ethnicity, the family always obeyed the elders decision. When the family was trying to adapt to the new country and they were tryin... ...king in the same field would. Therefore, the Chinese culture resists the new generations potential, due to the gender roles and jobs. In conclusion, Chinese cultures prohibition is seen, by observing the relation ship expectations, education, and gender roles and jobs. The Chinese culture needs to be more cultivated as it constricts the newer generations capability in Canada. In Wayson Choys book The Jade of Peony, he describes the struggles of a immigrated Chinese family, as they try to follow two cultures to adjust in a new country like Canada, only if still hang on to the old traditions of China, the kids of the family struggled as they tried to follow these two cultures. We have all been in a similar situation where we have immigrated to a new country to seek a better future where we have a better lifestyle and education, to help our family grow.

Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 15

The doctors at the hospital say solidifyings survival was a miracle. Which, of course, it was.The patrol shooticers who talked to any of us believed bands actions had been rash only if also admirable. Defending a fair maiden tends to elicit that reaction, and since Seth hadnt been killed, no one else viewed his gallant disproof quite the same as I did. Because honestly?I thought it was stupid.I thought it was so stupid, and I was furious. Beyond furious. Id surpassed it and moved into an uncharted celestial orbit of enragement.What had he been thinking?I wasnt thinking, he told me in a low voice, when I questioned him in the ER. The others had stepped place for a moment, busy with other things, and it was just the two of us. Seth lay on the bed, face still pale, but otherwise alive and well. That guy had a gun. You were in his line of fire.I opened my let loose to argue the poor logic there, but one of the doctors stepped subscribe in brass. She needed to check Seth, an d I backed disclose of the room before I state something Id regret. Seth might let acted akin an idiot, but he was in the hospital with a major injury. Blowing up right now probably wasnt the near appropriate course of action for the healing process.Instead, I sought out Vincent. After his interview with the police, hed stationed himself get under ones skin the hall, back against the wall and hands stuffed into his pockets. He leaning his head back, face staring miserably up at the ceiling.Hey, I said, cable careful to keep a safe space between us.He glanced down at me. Hey. How is he?Fine considering everything. The doctors are amazed the bullet missed.Vincent turned away and gazed blankly down the hall. He awaited silent.I didnt know what to say. Soyoure a nephilim. Hows that working out?Frankly, I could guess how that was working out. Horribly. Nephilim were the offspring of angels and humans. Those angels were now demons, of course. You couldnt sleep around with hot hu mans and still play for heavens team as Id noted with Yasmine. It was why Jerome had fallen. In what had to be the most unfair deal in the world, many nephilim had been hunted and killed by angels and demons even their own parents. Heaven and fossa viewed nephilim as dangerous abominations. The fact that nephilim tended to have unruly natures and poor impulse control didnt really help their reputation.As a result of their persecution, nephilim usually walked the footing disguised, hiding the full brunt of their power which rivaled their parents as well as the immortal signatures that could give them away. And while I felt bad for them, they nonetheless scared the sanatorium out of me. Many of them held grudges against angels, demons, and anyone else immortal. Jeromes son Roman was like that. He had come to Seattle a few months ago and embarked on a revenge killing spree. flavour at Vincent now, I wondered if I was dealing with the same sort of thing.DoesYasmine know? I asked after several to a greater extent awkward moments.His eyes flicked back to me. Of course. He said it with the same matter-of-fact tone hed used when wed talked about their relationship. It was a tone that implied how could she not know? Like it was absurd that he would keep anything from the adult female he loved.It kills her, he said with a sigh. Its eating her up inside.Becauseofwhat you are?No. His eyes were so sad that I almost forgot he came from a race of uber-powerful psychopaths. She doesnt care about that part. What she cant stand is that its a secret. That she has to hide everything. You know they cant liebut shes not exactly telling the truth either. Its deceitful, and she dislikes that. And I hate that she hates it. Ive tried to end ourthing a couple of times, but she wont do it becauseBecause she loves you, I finished.Vincent shrugged and looked away from me again.Im sorry, I told him at last. And I was. How horrible. Yasmine loving anyone was dangerous enough, but f or her to love one of the most despised creatures in our worldwell, yeah. That took it to an entirely different level. An angel should have been reporting Vincents existence, not hiding it.Vincent turned his assist back to me. Who will you tell? Carter? Jerome?I stared into those dark, dark eyes, those eyes filled with so much sorrow and so much love. I stopped world afraid of him. He wasnt Roman.No one, I said quietly. Im not passing game to tell anyone.He turned incredulous. Why? You know what I am. You know you could survive in trouble for hiding me. Why wouldnt you tell?I thought about it. Because the system is fucked up.I went back to Seths room after that, and when I stepped out into the hall later, Vincent was gone. He wasnt at my apartment when I returned home that night.Seth was released the following morning, and I stayed home from work with him.I dont need to be coddled, Thetis, he told me gently though I could swear there was the tiniest hint of annoyance in his voi ce. Im fine. I wont break.We were sitting in his living room, side by side on the couch. He had his laptop, and I had a novel. I folded a corner of the page I was on and shut the book.I wanted to tell Seth that he would break, that thats what it meant to be mortal. I wanted to tell him a thousand things, just like Id wanted to in the hospital, but once more I swallowed my feelings.You just need to take it easy, I said. And I want to make sure you dont do anything too crazy.Right. Because my usual supportstyle is so physically vigorous.He had a point. Most of his days were spent sitting and writing. He wasnt too likely to burst another artery that way.I just want you to be careful, I said obstinately. You were shot last night, remember? Thats not the same as falling on the ice.You overreacted to that too.Is it so wrong to care about you?He sighed and returned to his work. I had a feeling I wasnt the only one biting back angry words. We spent most of the day like that, talking little . Whenever he expressed any interest in something food, drink, etc. I was quick to jump up and get it for him. I was the perfect nurse/servant. Finally, around dinnertime, he looked like he was nearing a breaking point.Arent your friends doing something tonight? he asked stiffly.Are you trying to get rid of me?Just asking.Theyre having a card game.You arent going?No, Ill stay here with you.You should go.I dont want to leave you. In case you need something.Then take me with you.What? I exclaimed. yet you need to take it easy, rest, not descent myself. I know, I know. But look, Im patient of of getting cabin fever here, and honestly, I think youd benefit from a little distraction.Seth Georgina, he interrupted. It wont be much different than this. More sitting around, except with Better company?Thats not what I mean, he said.We went back and forth, and as we did, I wondered when wed reached this point in our relationship. Hitherto everything had been giddy and sentimental wit h us. How had we crossed the line into nagging? When had we started getting on each others nerves? In movies, vitality-threatening experiences are supposed to plant people together.I finally relented, and we went over to Peter and Codys place. The gang consisting of Hugh, Peter, Cody, and Carter tonight was surprised to see us since Seth often avoided immortal social events. But socially inept or no, Seth liked playing cards. It was the kind of analytical activity he enjoyed, and he could often get by without talking very much.Just before the game started, Niphon showed up. He and I exchanged brief glares and then proceeded to ignore each other.Inevitably, Seth getting shot came up in conversation.You threw yourself in front of a gun for her? asked Peter, clearly impressed.Well, said Seth, a little uncomfortable at all those eyes on him. largely I tried to jostle it away.You mean, disarm him?Wellno. More likejostle. I dont really know how to disarm anyone.I figured maybe you to ok storm classes in order to write those fight scenes in your books, explained Peter.Seth shook his head. Never been in a fight in my life. Until last night.Thats awesome, said Cody. Risking your life in the name of love.I stared at the vampires disbelievingly while they babbled on about how amazing Seths feat had been. They peppered him with more questions about the attack, and the anger Id been trying to smash since last night kept building and building. Across the table, Niphon listened with a smirk. Carter, in his usual way, concealed his feelings. I wanted to know why he wasnt out with the other angels, but the Seth thing was taking precedence over my curiosity.One thing struck me as odd. Hugh, listening quietly, seemed as angry as I did. I would have expected him to jump right in with the vampires, blithely pestering Seth for action-packed details and waxing on about how cool it Seths heroics had been. But the imps face looked dark and stony, his eyes fixed pointedly on his cards.The guy was probably high, remarked Peter. Never know what that might bring out. You jumping in like that was pretty ballsy when you think about it.I couldnt take it anymore.It was stupid I cried. Everyones heads jerked in my direction. I ignored them, my eyes on Seth. It was foolish and awry(p) and, and I couldnt think of any more synonyms, so I let it go. You shouldnt have done it. He couldnt have have me. He couldnt have killed me. You should have let me handle itI knew that Seth despised being the center of a commotion like this, but he returned my gaze with a astonishingly fierce one.Georgina, there was a man with a gun in a dark alley. You were in front of him. Do you really think I was running through all sorts of logical scenarios at the time? Oh, lets see. Shes immortal, so even if she gets shot, theres nothing to worry about.Yes, I growled. That is what you should have been thinking.What I was thinking was The char I love is in danger, and I would rather die m yself than see anything happen to her.But nothing would have happened to meIts a basic human thought to protect the ones you love. Even if theyre immortal.That doesnt make any sense.Thats because its been too long since you were human, he snapped.It was like being hit. I shot up from my chair and stalked off to the tooshie. Angry tears were welling up in my eyes, and I refused to let them show in front of my friends. Leaning my forehead against the mirror, I tried to do all the standard tricks for calming down. Deep breathing. Counting to ten. None of it worked.I didnt get it. I just didnt get it. And apparently, Seth didnt either. Why couldnt he understand? getting shot in my head, in my heart, whatever would fucking hurt. The pain would be excruciating. But in a day or so, Id recover. Id go on.But Seth wouldnt. Why did he not see how serious this was? Death was forever. Squeezing my eyes shut, I tried to block out the image of Seth dead. Cold. Still. No more spark in those br own eyes. No more warm hand to hold mine. A sob built up in me, and I forced it away.After more deep breathing, I finally felt like I could return to the others. But as I stepped out of the bathroom and started to round the corner back to the kitchen, I heard more shouting. Hugh.It was brave, fine? Noble. Gallant. Worthy of a gold star. But shes right. It was stupid. It was so fucking stupid, and youre even more fucking stupid for not realizing it.I get it, said Seth. I could hear the weariness and exasperation in his voice. I could have died. I know, okay? But I wasnt thinking about the larger workings of the universe. I was thinking about her.No, said Hugh. You werent. I am so goddamned old-hat of hearing everyone talk about how disenfranchised it is to be you. They all go on and on about how amazing it is that you can handle this relationship with her. But, Christ. Really, whats hard about it? You have this beautiful, brilliant girlfriend who doesnt fucking age. She loves you. I know you cant have sex, and everyone acts like thats the end of the world, but come on. Shes given you the green fresh to go get it somewhere else. I dont really see you suffering that much.Whats your point? asked Seth.My point is that shes the one who suffers. She knows your life is a ticking time bomb. What have you got, another fifty years maybe? And thats if disease or an accident doesnt take you first. Fifty years, and youre gone. She has to live with that every day, knowing that in one breath, your life could be snuffed out like that. I heard Hughs fingers snap. Not hurt. Not injured. Gone. She is going to watch you age, watch you gray and wither away, and when you do finally die, its going to destroy her.There was a moments silence, then I heard Seth say uncertainly, Fifty years isnt anything compared to the scope of her life. Shell get over me. As everyone keeps reminding me, shes immortal. wholly that means is that she has more time to mourn. If you had any fucking rega rd for her, you would have ended this stupid romance a long time ago. You would have never gotten involved. She was uncertain at first, but now shes in. She isnt going to give you up. You could turn into the worlds biggest asshole, and she still wouldnt do it not with all these romantic ideals she has now. She loves too easily and gets hurt too easily.I finally forced myself to move in the ensuing silence. Everyone looked away from me, except Niphon. He was obviously enjoying all of this. I sat back down, and the card game commenced. None of us were really into it, though. The atmosphere was stiff, the conversation forced and halting. It was the proverbial elephant in the room situation. When Peter awkwardly said he was getting tired, the rest of us practically flew out of our seats to leave.As I was putting on my coat, Carter strolled over to me.Seth makes his own choices, as is his right, Carter said softly. The angel was regarding me in that way that always sent chills down my spine. Someone wearing such an ugly baseball cap really shouldnt have that kind of ability. Honestly, how did his hats always get so dirty? You can rage all you want, but in the end, mortals live their lives the way they decide to. Its not our place to intermeddle with that.Of course it is, I said. Its what you guys do. Its what we all do. Thats the whole point of the Heaven and Hell battle we purposely interfere with peoples lives.Yes, but this is different.No, its not. Beyond him, I saw Niphon give tongue to something to Seth. Great. The imp was probably trying to buy his soul. That was so not what I needed right now. I turned back to Carter. Look, Ive got to go. Say hi to the subscribe to Along Gang when you see them.I dragged Seth away from Niphon, and we headed home. I hadnt thought things between us could be any more uncomfortable than they had been at Peters, but the car ride proved me wrong. Earlier, Seth and I had discussed him staying over at my place, but as I merged onto I-5, he asked, Id kind of like to get some more work done. Do you mind if I just go home?The elephant had apparently joined us in the car now. I smiled tightly and kept my eyes on the road. Sure. No problem.

Last Sacrifice Chapter Thirty-four

I DIDNT WAKE UP IN the world of the dead.I didnt even wake up in a hospital or whatever other(a) type of medical centerwhich, believe me, Id d i plenty of times. no. I woke up in luxury, in a huge bedroom with gilded furniture. Heaven? Probably no(prenominal) with my behaviors. My canopied bed had a red- and-gold velvet comforter, boneheaded enough to be a mattress itself. Candles flickered on a sm each table against the farthest wall and filled the room with the scent of jasmine. I had no clue where I was or how Id gotten here, further as my last memories of pain and darkness played push through in my mind, I decided the fact that I was actually breathing was total enough.Sleeping Beauty awakens.That voice that wonderful, honey-like voice with its soft accent. It enveloped me, and with it came the impossible truth and its full impact I was alive. I was alive. And Dimitri was here.I couldnt see him entirely matte up a smile come to my lips. Are you my nurse?I heard him get up from a chair and walk everyplace. Seeing him stand over me like that reminded me of just how tall he truly was. He looked down at me with a smile of his ownone of those full and rare smiles. He had cleaned up since last Id seen him, his brown hair tied neatly stake behind his neck, though he hadnt s wared for a couple days. I seek to sit up, notwithstanding he tsked me spine.No, no, you need to lie down. Soreness in my chest told me he was right. My mind force be awake, barely the rest of me was exhausted. I had no idea how much time had passed, but something told me my body had been fighting a battlenot with a Strigoi or anything like one, but with itself. A battle to stay alive. wherefore come closer, I told him. I want to see you. He considered this a moment and then kicked off his shoes. Turning on my side which made me winceI managed to wiggle over a little to make room near the beds edge. He curled up beside me. Our gives be on the same pillow, exactly a couple o f inches apart as we gazed at each other.Is this better? he asked.Much.With his dour, graceful fingers, he reached out and napped hair from my human face before tracing the edge of my cheekbone. How are you?Hungry.He laughed softly and cautiously slid his hand down to rest on my lower back, in a sort of half-embrace. Of course you are. I think theyve only managed to get broth into you so far. Well, that and IV fluids early on. Youre probably in sugar withdrawal.I cringed. I didnt like needles or tubes and was glad I hadnt been awake to see them. (Tat in addition needles were a different matter.) How long name I been out?A fewer days.A few days I shivered, and he tugged the covers higher on me, thinking I was cold. I shouldnt be alive, I whispered. Gunshots like that they were too fast, too close to my heart. Or in my heart? I put my hand to my chest. I didnt roll in the hay precisely where Id been hit. It all ached. Oh Lord. Lissa m mop uped me, didnt she? It would have take n so much spirit. She shouldnt have done that. She couldnt afford to. Except why would I hush up feel pain? If shed recovered me, she would have gone all the way.No, she didnt heal you.No? I frowned, unable to process that. How else would I have survived? A surprising answer came to mind. Then Adrian? Hed never after how I treated him no. He couldnt have What, you think hed let you die?I didnt answer. The bullets might be long gone, but thinking of Adrian still made my heartfigurativelyache.No matter how he feels Dimitri hesitated. This was a delicate topic, after all. Well, he wouldnt have let you die. He wanted to heal you. exactly he didnt either.I felt bad for thinking so little of Adrian. Dimitri was right. Adrian never would have abandoned me out of spite, but I was rapidly running out of options here. Then who? Sonya?No one, he give tongue to simply. Well, you, I suppose.I what?People can heal without magic now and then, Rose. There was amusement in his voice, thoug h his face stayed sober. And your wounds they were bad. No one thought youd survive. You went into surgery, and then we all just waited.But why I felt very arrogant, asking the next question. Why didnt Adrian or Lissa heal me?Oh, they wanted to, believe me. But in the aftermath, in the chaos the Court went under lockdown. They were both taken away and put under enceinte protection before they could act. No one would let them near you, not when they still thought you might be a murderer. They had to be certain astir(predicate) Tasha first, even though her own actions were pretty damning. It took me a moment to get past the idea that modern medicine and my bodys own stamina had healed me. Id great(p) too used to spirit. This didnt seem possible. As I tried to wrap my mind around the concept, the rest of Dimitris meaning hit me. Is Tasha still alive?His face fell even more. Yes. They caught her right after she shot youbefore anyone else got hurt. Shes detained, and more evidence has been coming in.Calling her out was one of the hardest things Ive ever done, I said. fight Strigoi was easier than that.I know. It was hard for me to see, hard for me to believe. There was a far-off look in his eyes, reminding me that Dimitri had known her longer than hed known me. But she made her choices, and all the charges against you have been dropped. Youre a free woman now. More than that. A hero. Abes bragging that its all his doing.That brought my smile back. Of course he is. Ill probably get a bill from him soon. I felt dizzy with both joy and astonishment. A free woman. Id been burdened with accusations and a death sentence for what felt like years, and now now it had all disappeared.Dimitri laughed, and I wanted to stay like this forever, just the two of us, sweet and unguarded. Wellmaybe not exactly this. I couldve done without the pain and thick bandages I felt on my chest. He and I had had so few times alone, moments when we could really relax and openly acknowl edge being in love. Things had only begun to mend between us at the end at that place and it had almost been too late. It might still be.So what now? I asked.Im not sure. He rested his cheek against my forehead. Im just so glad so glad youre alive. Ive been so close to losing you so many times. When I saw you on the floor, and thither was so much commotion and confusion I felt so helpless. I realized you were right. We waste our lives with guilt and self-loathing. When you looked at me there at the end I saw it. You did love me.You doubted? I meant the words jokingly, but they came out sounding offended. Maybe I was, a little. Id told him I loved him plenty of times.No. I mean, I knew then that you didnt just love me. I realized you really had for given up me.There was nothing to forgive, not really. Id told him that before too.Ive unceasingly believed there was. He pulled back and looked at me again. And thats what was trussing me back. No matter what you said, I just couldn t believe it couldnt believe you would forgive all the things I did to you in Siberia and after Lissa healed me. I thought you were deluding yourself.Well. It wouldnt be the first time Ive done that. But no, this time I wasnt.I know, and with that revelation in that split second that I knew you forgave me and that I really had your love, I was finally able to forgive myself too. All those burdens, those ties to the past they went away. It was like Being free? Flying?Yes. Except it came too late. This sounds crazy, but while I was looking down at you, having all these thoughts coming together in my head, it was like like I could see deaths hand comer for you. And there was nothing I could do. I was powerless. I couldnt help. You did, I told him. The last things I saw before blacking out were you and Lissa. Well, besides the skeletal faces, but mentioning that would have killed this romantic moment. I dont know how I survived getting shot, how I beat the odds but Im pretty sure your loveboth of yougave me the forcefulness to fight through. I had to get back to you guys. God only knows what trouble youd get into without me.Dimitri had no words for that and answered instead by bringing his mouth to mine. We kissed, softly at first, and the sweetness of the moment overpowered any pain I felt. The intensity had just barely picked up when he pulled away.Hey, what gives? I asked.Youre still recovering, he chastised. You might think youre back to normal, but you arent.This is normal for me. And you know, I thought with all this freedom and self- discovery and expression of our love stuff that we could finally stop with the satisfying Zen master wisdom and practical advice crap.This got me an outright grin. Roza, thats not passage to happen. Take it or leave it.I pressed a kiss to his lips. If it content getting you, Ill take it. I wanted to kiss him again and prove who really did have greater self-control, but that damned thing called reality coiffe in. Di mitri for real, what happens to us?Life, he said easily. It goes on. We go on. Were guardians. We protect and maybe c namee our world.No pressure, I remarked. But whats the we and guardians part? I was pretty sure we were out of that career path.Mmm. He cupped my face, and I thought he might try another kiss. I hoped he would. Along with our pardons, we received our guardian status again. dismantle you? They believe youre not a Strigoi? I exclaimed.He nodded.Huh. Even if I got my name cleared, my ideal future was that wed get filing jobs near each other.Dimitri travel closer to me, his eyes sparkling with a secret. It gets better youre Lissas guardian.What? I almost pulled away. Thats impossible. Theyd never They did. Shell have others, so they probably figured it was okay to let you hang around if someone else could keep you in line, he teased.Youre not A lump formed in my stomach, a reminder of a problem that had plagued us so long ago. Youre not one of her guardians too, are yo u? It had constantly been a concern, that conflict of interest. I wanted him near me. Always. But how could we watch Lissa and put her natural rubber first if we were hard-pressed virtually each other? The past was returning to torment us.No, I have a different assignment.Oh. For some reason, that made me a little sad too, even though I knew it was the smarter choice.Im Christians guardian.This time I did sit up, doctors orders or no. Stitches tugged in my chest, but I ignored the perspicacious discomfort. But thats thats practically the same thing Dimitri sat up too and seemed to be enjoying my shock, which was really kind of cruel, seeing as Id almost died and everything. A little. But they wont be together every moment, especially with her personnel casualty to Lehigh. Hes not going but theyll keep coming back to each other. And when they do, so forget we. Its a good mix. Besides He grew serious again. I think youve proved to everyone that youre willing to put her sprigh tliness first.I shake my head. Yeah, but no one was shooting at you. Only her. I said it lightly, but it did make me wonder what would I do if they were both in trouble?Trust him, a voice in my head said. Trust him to take care of himself. Hell do the same for you. I eyed Dimitri, recalling a shadow in my periphery back in the ballroom. You followed when I jumped in front of Lissa, didnt you? Who were you going for? Me or her?He studied me for several long seconds. He could have lied. He could have given the easy answer by saying hed intended to push both of us out of the wayif that was even possible, which I didnt recall. But Dimitri didnt lie. I dont know, Roza. I dont know.I sighed. This isnt going to be easy.It never is, he said, pulling me into his arms. I leaned against his chest and closed my eyes. No, it wouldnt be easy, but it would be worth it. As long as we were together, it would be worth it.We sat like that for a long time, until a discrete knock at the half-open door broke us apart. Lissa stood in the doorway.Sorry, she said, her face shining with joy when she saw me. Should have put a sock on the door. Didnt realize things were getting hot and heavy.No avoiding it, I said lightly, clasping Dimitris hand. Things are always hot with him around.Dimitri looked scandalized. Hed never held back when we were in bed together, but his private nature wouldnt let him even hint slightly such matters to others. It was mean, but I laughed and kissed his cheek.Oh, this is going to be fun, I said. Now that everythings out in the open.Yeah, he said. I got a pretty fun look from your father the other day. He gave Lissa a quick, knowing glance and then stood up. Leaning down, he kissed the top of my head. I should go and let you two talk.Will you be back? I asked as he moved to the door.He paused and smiled at me, and those dark eyes answered my questions and so much more. Of course.Lissa took his spot, sitting on the beds edge. She hugged me gingerly, no doubt worried about my injuries. She then scolded me for sitting up, but I didnt care. Happiness surged through me. I was so glad she was okay, so relieved, andAnd I had no idea how she felt.The cling was gone. And not like during the jail escape, when shed put the wall up. There was simply nothing there between us. I was with myself, completely and utterly alone, just as I had been years ago. My eyes widened, and she laughed.I wondered when youd notice, she said.How how is this possible? I was frozen and numb. The bond. The bond was gone. I felt like my arm had been amputated. And how do you know? She frowned. break apart of its instinct but Adrian saw it. That our auras arent connected anymore.But how? How could that happen? I sounded crazy and desperate. The bond couldnt be gone. It couldnt.Im not entirely sure, she admitted, her frown deepening. I talked about it a lot with Sonya and, uh, Adrian. We think when I brought you back the first time, it was spirit alone that held you b ack from the land of the dead and that kept you tied to me. This time you well-nigh died again. Or maybe you did for a moment. Only, you and your body fought your way back. It was you who got out, with no help from spirit. And once that happened She shrugged. Like I said, were only guessing. But Sonya thinks once your own military unit broke you away, you didnt need any help being pulled back from death. You did it on your own. And when you freed yourself of spirit, you freed yourself from me. You didnt need a bond to keep you with the living.It was crazy. Impossible. But if if youre saying I take flight the land of the dead, Im not, like, immortal or anything, am I?Lissa laughed again. No, were certain of that. Sonya explained it, saying anything alive can die, and as long as youve got an aura, youre alive. Strigoi are immortal but not alive, so they dont have auras andThe world spun. Ill take your word for it. I think maybe I do need to lie down.Thats probably a good idea.I g ently eased myself onto my back. Desperately needing distraction from what Id just learnedbecause it was still too surreal, still impossible to processI eyed my surroundings. The lush room was bigger than Id previously realized. It kept going and going, branching into other rooms. It was a suite. Maybe an apartment. I could just make out a living room with leather furniture and a flat screen TV. Where are we are?In palace housing, she replied.Palace housing? Howd we end up here?How do you think? she asked dryly.I I couldnt work my mouth for a moment. I needed no bond to realize what had happened. Another impossible action had occurred while Id been out of it. Crap. They had the election, didnt they? They elected you fairy, once Jill was there to stand in for your family.She shook her head and almost laughed. My reaction was a little stronger than crap, Rose. Do you have any idea what youve done?She looked anxious, stressed, and totally overwhelmed. I wanted to be serious and comf orting for her sake but I could feel a balmy grin spreading over my face. She groaned.Youre happy.Liss, you were meant for this Youre better than any of the other candidates.Rose she cried. Running for queen was supposed to be a diversion. Im only eighteen.So was Alexandra.Lissa shook her head in exasperation. Im so sick of hearing about her She lived centuries ago, you know. I think people died when they were thirty back then. So she was practically middle-aged. I caught hold of her hand. Youre going to be great. It doesnt matter how old you are. And its not like you have to call meetings and analyze law books all on your own, you know. I mean, Im sure not going to do any of that, but there are other smart people. Ariana Szelsky didnt make the last test, but you know shell help if you ask her to. Shes still on the Council, and there are others you can rely on. We just have to find them. I believe in you.Lissa sighed and looked down, her hair hanging forward in a curtain. I know. And part of me is excited, like this will restore my familys honor. I think thats whats saved me from a total breakdown. I didnt want to be queen, but if I have to then Im going to do it right. I feel like like I have the world at my fingertips, like I can do so much good. But Im so afraid of messing up too. She looked up sharply. And Im not giving up on the rest of my life either. I guess Im going to be the first queen in college.Cool, I said. You can IM with the Council from campus. Maybe you can command people to do your homework.She manifestly didnt think the joke was as funny as I did. Going back to my family. Rose how long did you know about Jill?Damn. Id known this part of the communion would eventually be coming. I averted my eyes. Not really that long. We didnt want to stress you until we knew it was real, I added hastily.I cant believe She shook her head. I just cant believe it.I had to go on her tone, not the bond. It was so strange, like losing one of my key senses . Sight. Hearing. Are you upset?Of course I am How can you be affect?I figured youd be happy Happy to find out my dad cheated on my mom? Happy to have a sister I hardly know? Ive tried to talk to her, but Lissa sighed again. Its so weird. Almost weirder than suddenly being queen. I dont know what to do. I dont know what to think of my father. And I sure as hell dont know what to do with her.Love them both, I said softly. Theyre your family. Jills great, you know. Get to know her. Be excited.I dont know if I can. I think youre more of a sister to me than shell ever be. Lissa stared off at nothing. And of all people I was convinced for so long that there was something going on between her and Christian.Well, out of all the worries in your world, thats one you can let go because its not true. But within her comment was something dark and sad. How isChristian?She move back to me, her eyes full of pain. Hes having a hard time. I am too. He visits her. Tasha. He hates what she did, bu t well, shes still his family. It hurts him, but he tries to hide it. You know how he is.Yeah. Christian had spent a good portion of his life masking dark feelings with snark and sarcasm. He was a pro at fooling others about how he truly felt.I know hell be better in time I just hope I can be there for him enough. So much is happening. College, being queen and always, always, theres spirit there, pressing down on me. Smothering me. Alarm shot through me. And panic. Panic over something far worse than not knowing what Lissa was feeling or where she was. Spirit. I was afraid of spiritand the fact that I couldnt fight it for her. The darkness I cant absorb it anymore. What will we do?A twisted smile crossed her lips. You mean, what will I do. Its my problem now, Rose. Like it always should have been.But, no you cant. St. VladimirIsnt me. And you can protect me from some things but not all.I shook my head. No, no. I cant let you face spirit alone.Im not exactly alone. I talked to S onya. Shes really good at healing charms and thinks theres a way to keep myself in balance.Oksana said the same thing, I recalled, feeling hardly reassured.And theres always the antidepressants. I dont like them, but Im queen now. I have responsibilities. Ill do what I have to. A queen gives up everything, right?I guess. I couldnt help feeling frightened. Useless. Im just so worried about you, and I dont know how to help you anymore.I told you you dont have to. Ill protect my mind. Your jobs to protect my body, right? And Dimitri will be around too. Itll all be okay.The conversation with Dimitri came back to me. Who were you going for? Me or her?I gave her the best smile I could. Yeah. Itll all be okay.Her hand squeezed mine. Im so glad youre back, Rose. Youll always be part of me, no matter what. And honestly Im kind of glad you cant see my sex life anymore.That makes two of us. I laughed. No bond. No magical attachment. It was going to be so strange, but really did I need it? I n real life, people formed bonds of another nature. Bonds of love and loyalty. We would get through this. Ill always be there for you, you know. Anything you need.I know, she said. And actually I need you for something now Name it, I said.She did.

Reading for Pleasure Can Be Better Develped in Imagination and Language Sklls Than Watching Tv

Today, I will talk some an antiquated city of ChinaLangzhong. My direct in giving this presentation is to show you detailed geographic features of Langzhong, and recommend this famous place to you for travelling, so this presentation will have two parts, that is geography and tourism. Different from big modern cities, ancient cities can offer tourists an incredible variety of special sights and activities. This city is often referred to as a famous historic town. Its one of the best preserved ancient towns in China. Langzhong city is a 2300-year-old city located in Nanchong, Sichuan Province.It is located in the north-east of the Sichuan lav and the middle reach of the Jialing River. The city is known as the wonderland of Sichuan. In terms of the geography of Langzhong, it is best to imagine the argona as a main heart and soul surrounded by countless mountains and rivers with the northern part is higher than the southern part. Langzhong has plenty of natural resources such as water resources, mineral resources and open space. Langzhongs numerous rivers alike ensure that our whole country has a major source of hydroelectric power. The government is also reclaiming these open spaces to improve agriculture.Whats more, Langzhong is fatty in oil, gas, and gold. When people refer to Langzhong, they always talk about its long history. It was given the title of the best preserved ancient city around the reality by the United Nations. As a travelling destination, Langzhong has something to offer almost every visitor. The first place that gives me a deep impression is Huaguang Tower. Huaguang Tower is also named Southern Tower or Zhenjiang Tower. It was first built in the Tang Dynasty, only if it suffered several fires and was rebuilt repeatedly by past dynasties.The existing chromatography column was renovated in the sixth year of the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. The base of the tower is 5 meters high and the total height is 25. 5 meters. With a three -layered roof, the tower seems tall and straight as well as elegant and delicate. It has unique architectural features of the Tang Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, winning the reputation of the number one tower of Langyuan Garden. In addition, few Langzhong sites are as impressive as the pavilion of Prince Teng, you can climb the pavilion to see the whole scenery of Langzhong City.The famous Chinese poet DuFu wrote an essay to praise this towers elegance and uniqueness highlyThe mountain is cloud-kissing, and people ascend it to enjoy a distant view. If you want to know a lot about Chinese history and you are interested in the Han Dynasty, you cant miss the chance to visit the Temple of Zhangfei. This temple has a history of 1700 years. It is well-known for its striking architecture, beautiful calligraphy, exhibition, and long history. Langzhong city is also famous for its examination hall.This hall was a special place for the imperial competitive examination, which selected the mos t quick people and sent them to the emperor. Langzhong was called the town of number one scholars because it had so many geniuses who made great contribution to the entire world. Whats more, my favorites are the ancient streets and ancient houses. The preservation of the ancient city is a precious legacy for our whole world. Historians can learn a lot from this city. As for me, when I walked into the city, I just wanted to spend a whole day strolling along the streets with my best friends.You can also take a boat to enjoy the scenery of Langzhong city along the Jialing River. This city is more peaceful than Lijing ancient city. Another thing the city has to offer is its excellent food. You can have a barbecue at night and drink specially-made plum wine or a beverage made of vinegar, both of which are delicious. The chafing dish has local features that are totally unlike from what I have ever eaten. Thats why I really want to recommend it to you. There are some Langzhongs tourist a ttractions, now, I want to talk about my trip to Langzhong. On that trip, I travelled with five friends.It was the first time that we took a trip without parents. We had to arrange everything in advance, but to be honest, it was hard to depend on ourselves completely. Nevertheless, I still enjoyed the trip and had great fun with my friends. We could visit any place we are interested in without a touring party. I think you can imagine how free we felt. In fact, I was not very close with two of those guys. Although we were classmates in middle school, we confused contact with each other after we graduated. After those five days, we had already become close friends and talked all the time.Yes, this trip was an valuable experience for me. Because of it, I study it is difficult but important to be independent, I find it is so good to have such kind friends and I have fallen in love with this ancient city. It was just a five day long trip, but it becomes an precious part of my life. I k now I will cherish it forever. Thats my speech. I hope everyone has learned something about Langzhong ancient city from it. If you want to experience the atmosphere of ancient China with your best friends, Langzhong is the place to do it Thank you for your time.

Example of a Letter Written to Christopher (the Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time) on How to Interact with Others

How to Chat Dear Christopher, thank you for your question on how to chat. I am your agony aunt, and my name is Skye, and I am writing to you to answer your question which was how do I chat? Firstly, you essential always turn in to be kind to the person that you want to chat with. You essential never try to make them upset or hurt them, even if they are being repute to you. Sometimes it mint be hard to understand what roughbody is really saying because they might be using a metaphor or ridicule or an expression which you dont understand.If you dont understand them, then you must ask them to please repeat what you cave in just said, because I didnt understand you. If they repeat their comment and you still dont understand them, you must ask them to please rephrase what you have said, I didnt understand you and this is because I struggle to understand certain things identical metaphors and faces which have more than one meaning. When you have a conversation with someone or try to do chatting, you must ask them questions such as 1.How are you? 2. What is your favourite colour? 3. Do you have any pets? 4. What hobbies do you like? 5. Do you like the Apollo space missions? This is called finding common ground and this means finding things that both of you like or dislike. I f they like things that you also like, then you can tell them that you also like that thing and tell them all the things that you know about that topic, and then ask them what they know about it.When they are talking, you must heed to them and not interrupt or talk over them because they might think that this is rude and this might upset them. If they interrupt you or talk over you, you must ask them to please listen to what I am saying because I think that you might like it. If they carry on talking over you or interrupting you then you must tell them Please stop interrupting me because I am talking and interrupting is rude and I did not interrupt you so please could you do the same fo r me because this is common courtesy. If they carry on interrupting you then you can walk away and go play with your rat Toby or do some maths. If someone is mean or makes you upset when you are trying to do chatting with them then you must ask them to stop because they are upsetting you and if they carry on then you must count to 50, than go tell Siobhan or your Father or another member of staff that this person is making you upset. Remember that you must never hurt anyone, even if they hurt you first because this is called retaliation and retaliation is bad.You must tell Siobhan or Father or another teacher what they have done. Lastly, you mentioned in your letter to me that you go to a special school and have someone called Siobhan who you work with and who helps you, so you can ask Siobhan to help you to practice doing chatting and she will. Thank you for your letter, if you have any other questions please ask me them and I will answer them. Your agony aunt, Mary

According to Arlov Grammatically

Many instructors urge their students not to start their sentences with the word still, or any other coordination conjunction for that matter. This can be disheartening for students because we commonly speak with our sentences beginning with a conjunction. However, writing is not like speaking. at that place are two schools of thought on beginning a sentence with the word, but. According to Arlov, Grammatically, it is correct to start a sentence with but or any other FANBOYS conjunction.However, your instructors may discourage the practice for two good reasons (343). She goes on to list the reasons. One good reason not to begin a sentence with the word but is because it is informal and casual. Academic writing is not usually casual or informal, and using but at the beginning of a sentence may make a more formal paper appear less than well thought out.While it is OK for some sorts of writing such as narrative or dialog, a professional paper is seldom written with coordination conjun ctions at the beginning of sentences. Also, using words like but is addictive It is easy to use and overuse. Arlov advises using conjunctions to begin sentences sparingly so as not to make it a hard habit to break. The other side of the roll in the hay says using but is just like using any other word to begin a sentence, and therefore, there is nothing wrong with it.

The Charles Martin – Case Analysis

On the surface, the diverse culture could be seen as a turnoff to foreign impasses, but hag, with the help of Charles Martins life experiences and scholastic knowledge of the persona saw an opportunity to grow In Uganda. But at first glance this may prove to be difficult for HAG. This was HAGS first pursuit of craft In Africa, so growing pains were almost certainly to be felt. Like many African countries, Uganda has a tumultuous history. With the dictatorship of Idol main ruling with an iron fist, life in Uganda was difficult (Daniels, Redheaded, Ramp Sullivan, 2011).A diverse country in terms of religious sects, Christianity is the majority, though there is large frame of Muslims among many other religions (Daniels, Redheaded, & Sullivan, 2011 In terms of language spoken, English is the official language, however many speak only an indigenous language such(prenominal) as Bantu or Miltonic (Daniels, Redheaded, & Sullivan, 2011). In addition the history, language, and religion , HAG Company had to also take into contendation the tribal normalizes as well as the descent normalizes of the Uganda culture.With the pending displacement of 700 villagers (Daniels, Redheaded, & Sullivan, 2011), HAG was now faced with its first ajar hurdle that most companies will face when expanding globally. This hurdle is best described in how to best coexist with the cultural norms of a country. Instead of trying to simply impose the will of HAG Company, they assembled a package that they felt would best benefit those being displaced. That feeling was quickly changed when Charles Martin arrived because those being displaced now wanted more.This quick change of feelings by the tribe members brought to the forefront that the biggest hurdle to global expansion for HAG Company was going to be Agendas business raciest that borderline bribery. In order to facilitate the wants and needs of the tribal members and the Uganda government, Charles Martin did everything he could to conf orm to and understand their culture. Charles Martin went as utmost to shun the high class living that other expatriates enjoyed, he stayed In a typical Uganda middle class neighborhood (Daniels, Redheaded, Sullivan, 2011).He also avoided the prototypical nightlife at the local night clubs Instead he participated In tribal rituals (Daniels, Redheaded, Sullivan, 2011). Of the many things Charles Martin did to conform to the Uganda culture, perhaps the biggest was understanding and participating In what many In the U. S. Would consider to be bribery. He often found himself paying great deal who either controlled or were related to someone who controlled various aspects of the government In order to withdraw things done quickly. Some consider it bribery, but in Uganda it is merely called a tip.By long tense types AT tongs, snares Marten gauntleted a polypropylene Attlee. I Nils attitude was attributed to his past experience in the Peace Corps, his vast knowledge of Africa, having m ajored in African studies. Even on a personal level, Charles Martin despised those who single out themselves (Daniels, Redheaded, Sullivan, 2011) instead of embracing the culture of Africa. In addition to his schooling and life experiences, HAG Company promoted independence in their managers, which is in line with a polytechnic institute attitude. In stark contrast, jam Green exhibited a geocentric attitude.Though Charles Martin had shown the ability to complete each and every task he was given to the standards of HAG Company, James Green often questioned and found issues with the way in which he accomplished those tasks. He felt that much of what Charles Martin did was in direct conflict with the core determine of HAG Company (Daniels, Redheaded, Sullivan, 2011). James Green faced a conflict because though HAG Company promoted freedom and responsibility among its workers, it also wanted to tick it was in line with their corporate culture.So, Just about everything Charles Mar tin did to accomplish the task set before him was in contrast to what HAG Company felt was justifiedly and also how it would be viewed in the international community. With Charles Martin participating in tribal rituals, providing he tips that so many would be view as bribes were all diametral of the culture that HAG Company, a U. S. Company was used to doing. Looking back at how Charles Martin achieved the task presented to him, one would be comfortable in saying that he was correct.Being placed in a different culture and expected accomplish difficult tasks can seem insurmountable. But, by accepting, conforming, and being flexible enough to oblige on the fly made this entire exteriorise possible. One can not attribute all of the success to Charles Martin though, HAG Company is also answerable in that it allows it braininess to act freely enough to make the decisions and be held accountable for them (Daniels, Redheaded, Sullivan, 2011). Though James Green had many reservations c oncerning the ways in which Charles Martin was accomplishing the tasks, he never stepped in to change him.Had he done so, maybe with such an extreme action as replacing him, or even forbidding him from the start of the project to do things his way would have been disastrous. Charles Martin had the life experience and scholastic knowledge to be open to a new culture. He not only alter to, but embraced the Uganda culture. This benefited him growing as a person and also HAG Company by accomplishing their goal of building a dam and providing electric operate to those who need it most.The next phase of the project will prove much easier to manage. Charles Martin again is the right person for the job. He has not only established a trusting relationship with those in the area as well as the government, he will be able to handle the ever changing demands of the Uganda people involved in the project. Concerns of those who think the l

Diversity Reflection Journal Essay

Powell addresses a number of stereotypes and one of them is that women lack male characteristics, which are much appreciated in management. They are less aggressive and more compassionate, which harbour them non as valuable as men in managerial positions. Even though distaff leadership becomes more and more common in the humans, women fluid have to prove that their really deserve to have those positions. Moreover, they have to cope with various carriages concerning their behavior and decisions. Most of them are quite different from traditionally male, ambitious, self-confident, straightforward managers cultivated in the world.They are perceived as to be milder more compassionate, less solid in their opinions, weaker as personalities. Even though I do approve the increase of women in business and management, reading this book it has become clear to me that in virtually way my opinions and attitudes are affected by this old and very widespread stereotype about female and male r oles at work. This stereotype strongly influences my perception of diversity at work because it some way it shows that men are better at decision-making, planning, negotiations and management at all. Women receive the role of reformers, support and other(a) roles, which are to follow someone at work.This stereotype also sends me back to the way of perceiving women as being weaker than men. Influenced by this stereotype, they are perceived as having less power to influence other people, keep in line them. Also, there are seen as less respected that their male colleagues. Of course, in some cases when I know the background of a person I underside assess him or her without reference to this stereotype, entirely when it comes to generalization, especially when I hear about misfortunes of the company, for me it is much better to blame management and refer to sexuality than to gauge the failure as coincidence.I am not poisoned by this stereotype and in roughly of the cases I catch myself thinking in this wrong way, but sometimes such thoughts still appear and I cannot remove them from my mind completely. This perception of females was formed under the classical thought that women are weaker than men. This thought is still common because most of world societies are patriarchal. I have formed my perception of sex based on my family. There is a clear gender stratification of mothers work and fathers work. Mother was more likely to look after kids, cook and do all other topics women usually did.Father did different male things like repairing the car, maintaining something in the house etc. In fact, I perceived mothers work to be easier that fathers work and it made an impression and constant thoughts that mother could not do the kindred things my father did. This way of thinking is extremely intemperate to overcome because it appeared when I was a child. When I was born, people used to think and behave in a bit different way they do now. today parents tend t o share their work around the house, pay equal attention to their children and participate in their upbringing equally.When I was a child, it was a common thing to look at everything through gendered prism. In this way, it is not surprising that I think in this way. Though, I think that this stereotype is dying in our association today. In order to reinforce my thoughts and perceptions, I can encounter several examples. First of all, it is the success of Apple. I cannot imagine any women who can organize the like company and become the same popular. I attribute most of the success of the company to Steve Jobs and his managerial skills. Other successful corporations like Google or Microsoft are founded and managed by men, which is not a surprise for me.However, recently I have found out that HTC founder and CEO is female, and that was a really great surprise for me. It is not a secret that the number of women obtaining top managerial positions is increasing day by day roles of the best of the best managers are associated with male managing styles. In the world of technology most companies belong to men and the achievement of CEO if HTC achievement challenges my perception of women in business. The second thing is that there have been no female presidents in the history of the United States.People tend to rely on men more than on women. Mrs. Clinton wanted to change the situation but failed. It shows that most people still count on their stereotypical perception of females more than on objective reality, which clearly states that women already can do something to prove their efficiency to manage something starting from their own company to a huge business or the whole country. People do advocate that men and women have the same opportunities today, but, overall, there are many stereotypes, which work against women and cannot be removed at once.There are some world countries, where presidents are female, but they create a minority out of all world countries. T hese facts show that women still need to prove that they can achieve the same success because of societal pre-attitude to their abilities, performance and ideas. sloped attitude to gender at work is experienced by every person in the United States. In my life, I had many examples of biased attitude to women as well as men. For instance, once we were asked to move to the conference hall for meeting and there were not enough chairs for all of us to sit.It was clear that male employees were asked to bring more chairs because they were male. To add to the point, the stereotype male equals strong was not common at that case because most of female employees were into sports as outrageous pursual of healthy lifestyle. The opposite things happened when all employees, as a part of team-building, decided to watch the movie after work. Everything was fine, but female employees were asked to prepare some snacks (order a delivery) because they knew better what was good for their company. These are minor things but they take place almost everywhere.People still follow old gender stratification sit typical for patriarchal societies, where men get everything and women hide in the shadow of their success. America is moving to the acceptance of a new neutral model of gender stratification where both genders deserve equal treatment. Yet, people cannot forget their long history and change their attitudes practices by millenniums in 10 years. Even I, as a representative of a younger generation, cannot get rid of all the old stereotypes about gender at work. References Powell, G. (2010). Women and Men in Management, 4th Edition By N. W.

Information and Communication Technology in Higher Education Essay

IntroductionInformation and communication technology (ICT) is a force that has substituted legion(predicate) an(prenominal) aspects of the way we live. If one was to compargon such fields as medicine, tourism, travel, business, law, banking, engineering and architecture, the impact of ICT across the last(prenominal) two or three decades has been enormous. The way these fields operate today is vastly different from the slipway they operated in the previous(prenominal). But when one looks at education, there representms to stir been an uncanny lack of influence and faraway less change than other fields possess experienced. A consider of people take a crap attempt to explore this lack of activity and influence (e.g. Collis, 2002). There have been a subprogram of factors impeding the sell uptake of ICT in education across all sectors. These have included such factors as a lack of funding to nominate the purchase of the technology, a lack of training among established teac hing practitioners, a lack of motivation and request among teachers to take over ICT as teaching to a faultls (Starr, 2001).But in recent times, factors have emerged which have strengthened and encouraged moves to adopt ICTs into classrooms and training settings. As we move into the 21st century, these factors and m whatsoever others are bringing strong forces to bear on the adoption of ICTs in education and contemporary trends suggest we leave behind soon see large carapace changes in the way education is planned and delivered as a consequence of the opportunities and affordances of ICT. This study seeks to explore the likely changes we allow for see in education as ICT acts as a powerful broker to change many of the educational behaves to which we have plow accustomed. In particular, the paper entrust explore the impact both rate of flow and emerging development and communication technologies lead be likely to have in coming age on what is learned, when and where schooling result take erupt and how the reading will occur. The impact of ICT on what is learnedConventional teaching has emphasized content. For many years course have been written around textbooks. Teachers have taught through with(predicate) lectures and presentations interspersed with tutorials and tuition activities designed to consolidate and perform the content. coeval settings are right awayfavoring curricula that promote competency and performance. Curricula are starting to Emphasize capabilities and to be implicated more(prenominal) with how the information will be used than with what the information is.A. competency and performance-based curriculaThe moves to competency and performance-based curricula are considerably defended and encouraged by emerging instructional technologies (e.g. Stephenson, 2001). Such curricula tend to requireaccess to a variety of information sourcesaccess to a variety of information forms and typesstudent-centered instruction settin gs based on information access and inquiry encyclopaedism environments centered on problem-centered and inquiry-based activitiesauthentic settings and examples andteachers as coaches and mentors rather than content experts. Contemporary ICTs are qualified to depart strong support for all these requirements and there are at a time many outstanding examples of world class settings for competency and performance-based curricula that make sound use of the affordances of these technologies (e.g. Oliver, 2000). For many years, teachers wishing to adopt such curricula have been limited by their resources and tools but with the pro supportration and widespread availability of contemporary ICTs, many Restrictions and impediments of the past have been removed. And new technologies will go by to drive these forms of learning further. As students and teachers gain access to higher(prenominal) Bandwidths, more direct forms of communication and access to sharable resources, the capability To support these quality learning settings will continue to grow. B. information literacyA nonher way in which emerging ICTs are impacting on the content of education curricula stems from the ship canal in which ICTs are dominating so very much of contemporary life and work. Already There has emerged a need for educational institutions to ensure that graduates are able to display Appropriate levels of information literacy, the capacity to reveal and issue and then to identify, Locate and evaluate relevant information in order to engage withit or to solve a problem arising from it (McCausland, Wache & Berk, 1999, p.2).The drive to promote such developments Stems from general moves among institutions to ensure their graduates demonstrate not only accomplishments and kat onceledge in their subject domains but as well general attributes and generic skills. Traditionally generic skills have involved such capabilities as an ability to reason formally, to Solve problems, to communicate ef fectively, to be able to negotiate outcomes, to manage time, Project management, and collaboration and teamwork skills. The growing use of ICTs as tools of Every day life have seen the share of generic skills expanded in recent years to include information Literacy and it is super probable that future developments and technology applications will see This set of skills growing even more.The impact of ICT on how students learnJust as technology is influencing and supporting what is being learned in schools and universities, So too is it supporting changes to the way students are learning. Moves from content-centered Curricula to competency-based curricula are associated with moves away from teacher-centered Forms of obstetrical delivery to student-centered forms. Through technology-facilitated approaches, Contemporary learning settings now encourage students to take responsibility for their own acquirement .In the past students have bring very favourable to learning through tra nsmissive Modes. Students have been trained to let others present to them the information that forms the Curriculum. The growing use of ICT as an instructional medium is changing and will likely Continue to change many of the strategies employed by both teachers and students in the learning Process. The following sections describe particular forms of learning that are gaining prominence in universities and schools worldwide.A. Student-centered learningTechnology has the capacity to promote and encourage the transformation of education from a Very teacher directed enterprise to one which supports more student-centered models. Evidence of This today is manifested inThe proliferation of capability, competency and outcomes focused curriculaMoves towards problem-based learningIncreased use of the Web as an information source, Internet users are able to choose the Experts from whom they will learnThe use of ICT in educational settings, by itself acts as a catalyst for change in this domai n. ICTs By their very nature are tools that encourage and support independent learning. Students using ICTs for learning intends become immersed in the process of learning and as more and more Students use computers as information sources and cognitive tools (e.g. Reeves & Jonassen, 1996), the influence of the technology on supporting how students learn will continue to increase. B. Supporting association structureThe emergence of ICTs as learning technologies has coincided with a growing awareness and recognition of alternative theories for learning. The theories of learning that clutch pedal the greatest Sway today is those based on constructivist principles (e.g. Duffy & Cunningham, 1996). These Principles posit that learning is achieved by the active whirl of knowledge supported by various perspectives within meaningful contexts. The strengths of constructivism lie in its emphasis on learning as a process of personal understanding and the development of meaning in shipway which are active and interpretative. In This domain learning is viewed as the aspect of meaning rather than as the memorization of facts (e.g. Lebow, 1993 Jonassen & Reeves, 1996). Learning approaches using contemporary ICTs provide many opportunities for constructivist learning through their provision and support for resource-based, student centered settings and by enabling learning to be related to context and to practice (e.g. Berge, 1998 Barron, 1998). As mentioned previously, any use of ICT in learning Settings can act to support various aspects of knowledge construction and as more and more Students employ ICTs in their learning processes, the more pronounced the impact of this will Become.The impact of ICT on when and where students learnIn the past educational institutions have provided little choice for students in terms of the method And manner in which programs have been delivered. Students have typically been forced to Accept what has been delivered and institutions hav e tended to be quite staid and traditional in terms of the delivery of their programs. ICT applications provide many options and choices and legion(predicate) institutions are now creating competitive edges for themselves through the choices they are crack students.A. Any place learningThe apprehension of flexibility in the delivery place of educational programs is not new (e.g. Moore & Kersey, 1996). Educational institutions have been offering programs at a distance for many Years and there has been a vast amount of enquiry and development associated with establishing Effective practices and procedures in off-campus teaching and learning. Use of the technology, However, has pass oned the scope of this activity and whereas previously off-campus delivery was An option for students who were unable to attend campuses, today, many more students are able to make this choice through technology-facilitated learning settings. The scope and extent of this Activity is demonstrated in some of the examples below.The communications capabilities of modern technologies provide opportunities for many Learners to enroll in courses offered by external institutions rather than those situated locally. These opportunities provide such payoffs as extended course offerings and eclectic class Cohorts comprised of students of differing backgrounds, cultures and perspectives. The freedoms of choice provided by programs that can be accessed at any place are also Supporting the delivery of programs with units and courses from a variety of institutions, There are now countless ways for students completing undergraduate degrees for example, to Study units for a single degree, through a number of different institutions, an activity that Provides considerable diversity and choice for students in the programs they complete.B. Any time learningIn concert with geographical flexibility, technology-facilitated educational programs also remove Many of the temporal constraints that face learne rs with special necessitate (e.g. Moore & Kearsley, 1996). Students are starting to appreciate the capability to undertake education anywhere, Anytime and any place. This flexibility has heightened the availability of just-in-time learning and provided learning opportunities for many more learners who previously were constrained by other commitments (e.g. Young, 2002). Through online technologies learning has become an activity that is no longer set within Programmed schedules and slots. Learners are free to participate in learning activities when time permits and these freedoms have greatly change magnitude the opportunities for many students to Participate in formal programs.The wide varieties of technologies that support learning are able to provide asynchronous Supports for learning so that the need for real-time intimacy can be avoided while the Advantages of communication and collaboration with other learners are retained.Emerging IssuesA number of other issues have emerged from the uptake of technology whose impacts have yet to Be fully explored. These include changes to the paper of the teacher pool, changes to the Profile of who are the learners in our courses and paramount in all of this, changes in the costing And political economy of course delivery. A. expanding the pool of teachersIn the past, the parting of teacher in an educational institution was a role given to only highly qualified people. With technology-facilitated learning, there are now opportunities to extend the Teaching pool beyond this specialist set to include many more people. The changing role of the Teacher has seen increased opportunities for others to participate in the process including Workplace trainers, mentors, specialists from the workplace and others. Through the affordances And capabilities of technology, today we have a much expanded pool of teachers with varying Roles able to provide support for learners in a variety of ductile settings. This trend seems set to Continue and to grow with new ICT developments and applications. And within this changed pool of teachers will come changed responsibilities and skill sets for future teaching involving high levels of ICT and the need for more facilitative than didactic teaching roles.B. expanding the pool of studentsIn the past, education has been a privilege and an opportunity that often was unavailable to many students whose situation did not run across the mainstream. Through the flexibilities provided by technology, many students who previously were unable to participate in educational activities are now finding opportunities to do so. The pool of students is changing and will continue to change as more and more people who have a need for education and training are able to take advantage of the increased opportunities. Interesting opportunities are now being observed among, for example, school students studying university courses to overcome limitations in their school programs and workers und ertaking courses from their desktops.C. The cost of educationTraditional thinking has always been that technology-facilitated learning would provide economies and efficiencies that would see significant reductions in the costs associated with the delivery of educational programs. The costs would come from the ability to create courses with immovable establishment costs, for example technology-based courses, and for which there would be savings in delivery through large dental plate uptake. We have already seen a number of virtual universities built around technology delivery alone. The human beings is that few institutions have been able to realize these aims for economy. There appear to have been many underestimated costs in such areas as course development and course delivery. The costs associated with the development of high quality technology-facilitated learning materials are quite high.It has found to be more than a matter of repackaging existing materials and large scale r eengineering has been found to be necessary with large scale costs. Likewise costs associated with delivery have not been found to diminish as expected. The main reason for this has been the need to maintain a relatively still student to staff ratio and the expectation of students that they will have access to teachers in their courses and programs. Compared to traditional forms of off-campus learning, technology-facilitated learning has proven to be quite expensive in all areas of consideration, infrastructure, course development and course delivery. We may have to brace ourselves for the advantages and affordances which will improve the quality of education in the near future to also increase components of the cost.Efforts of Indian government in this aspectRealizing the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) the Ministry of homosexual Resource Development as per the Mission Document, ICT is the tool in education available to enhance the current enrolment rate in Higher Education, at present 15 part to 30 percent by the end of the 11th Plan period. The Ministry also launched a web portal named SAKSHAT a matchless Stop Education Portal. The high quality e-content once developed will be uploaded on SAKSHAT in all disciplines and subjects. Several projects are in the completion stage and are expected to change the way teaching and learning is done in India.The Mission has two major components viz., (a) content times and (b) connectivity along with provision for access devices for institutions and learners. It seeks to bR&Dge the digital divide, i.e., the gap in the skills to use computing devices for the purpose of teaching and learning among urban and rural teachers/learners in Higher Education domain and empower those, who have hitherto remained untouched by the digital revolution and have not been able to join the mainstream of the knowledge economy. It plans to focus on appropriate pedagogy for e-learning, providing facility of p erforming experiments through virtual laboratories, on-line interrogation and certification, on-line availability of teachers to guide and mentor learners, utilization of available Education Satellite (EduSAT) and Direct to sept (DTH) platforms, training and empowerment of teachers to effectively use the new method of teaching learning etc.On the one hand, the Mission would create high quality e-content for the target groups and on the other, it would simultaneously seek to extend computer infrastructure and connectivity to over 18000 colleges in the country including each of the departments of nearly 400 universities/deemed universities and institutions of national importance. The helpmate group assisted content development would utilize the Wikipedia type of collaborative platform under the watchfulness of a content advisory committee responsible for vetting the content. Interactivity and problem solving approach would be address through Talk to a Teacher segment. It is an opp ortunity as well as a repugn for the bright faculty members of our Universities and Institutions of Excellence to invest their intellectual capital for the knowledge empowerment of all the learners of our Country. We need to synergize our individual efforts in this direction.Summary and ConclusionsThis paper has sought to explore the role of ICT in education as we progress into the 21st century. In particular the paper has argued that ICTs have impacted on educational practice in education to date in quite small ways but that the impact will grow considerably in years to come and that ICT will become a strong agent for change among many educational practices. Extrapolating current activities and practices, the continued use and development of ICTs within education will have a strong impact onWhat is learnedHow it is learnedWhen and where learning takes placeWho is learning and who is teaching.To ensure that the opportunities and advantages are realized, it will be important as it i s in every other mountain pass of life to ensure that the educational research and development dollar is sustained so that education at large can learn from within and that experiences and activities in different institutions and sectors can inform and guide others without the constant need for re-invention of the wheel. Once again ICTs serve to provide the means for much of this activity to realize the authority it holds.ReferencesCollis, B. (2002). Information technologies for education and training. In Adelsberger, H., Collis, B, & Pawlowski, J. (Eds.) enchiridion on Technologies for Information and Training. Berlin Springer Verlag. Duffy, T., & Cunningham, D. (1996). Constructivism Implications for the design and delivery of instruction, Handbook of research for educational telecommunications and technology (pp. 170-198). New York MacMillan.Oliver, R. (2000). Creating Meaningful Contexts for Learning in Web-based Settings. Proceedings of Open Learning 2000. (pp 53-62). Brisba ne Learning Network, Queensland.Oliver, R. & Towers, S. (2000). Benchmarking ICT literacy in tertiary learning settings. In R. Sims, M. OReilly & S. Sawkins (Eds). Learning to choose Choosing to learn. Proceedings of the seventeenth Annual ASCILITE Conference (pp 381-390). Lismore, NSW Southern Cross University Press. Soloway, E. & Pryor, A. (1996). The next generation in human-computer interaction. Communications of the ACM, 39(4), 16-18.Starr, L. (2001). Available at http//www.education-world.com/a_tech/tech075.shtml Accessed July 2002.Stephenson, J., Ed. (2001). Learner-managed learning- an emerging pedagogy for online learning. Teaching and Learning Online Pedagogies for New Technologies. London, Kogan Page. Young, J. (2002). The 24-hour professor. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 48(38), 31-33.

The Joy Luck Club

joyHigh-context Cultures and Low-context Cultures The Joy Luck Clubexplores the clash surrounded by Chinese gloss and American goal. One look of understanding the difference is to look at communication in these cultures. Chinese culture can be classified as a high-context culture and American culture as a low-context culture. First I will define these terms, then explain the significance of these two categories, and finally bind them to The Joy Luck Club. * Cultureis the way of living which a group of the smashing unwashed has developed and transmitsfrom single generation to the next.It includes concepts, skills, habits of thinking and acting, arts, institutions, ways of relating to the world, and agreement on what is significant and necessary to know. Race, ethnicity, class, and gender atomic number 18 heathenish creations they derive their essences from the culture. * Contextis the whole situation, background, or environment connected to an event, a situation, or an pers on. * Ahigh-context cultureis a culture in which the individual has internalized meaning and study, so that little is explicitly stated in written or spoken messages.In conversation, the attender knows what is meant because the expresser and listener share the same knowledge and assumptions, the listener can piece together the speakers meaning. China is a high-context culture. * Alow-context cultureis one in which information and meanings are explicitly stated in the message or communication. Individuals in a low-context culture put up explanations when statements or situations are unclear, as they oftentimes are. Information and meaning are not internalized by the individual but are derived from context, e. . , from the situation or an event. The United States is a low-context culture. High-context Cultures In a high-context culture, the individual acquires heathen information and meaning from obedience to authority, through observation and by imitation. To acquire knowledge in this way and to internalize it, pincerren must be carefully trained. High-context cultures are highly stable and slow to qualifying, for they are root in the ult one example is the Chinese practice of ancestor worship. They are also interconnected and cohesive cultures.In such cultures, the individual must know what is meant at the covert or unexpressed take the individual is supposed to know and to react appropriately. Others are expected to understand without explanation or particular(prenominal) details. Explanations are insulting, as if the speaker regards the listener as not knowledgeable or socialized complete to understand. To members of a low-context culture, speakers in a high-context culture seem to dialogue around a subject and neer to get to the point. The bonds among people are very strong in a high-context culture.People in authority are personally and literally responsible for the works of subordinates, whether in government, in business, or in the family . (In the U. S. , on the other hand, the world-wide practice is to find a fall guy or scapegoat who takes the blame for those with more fountain and status. ) In a high-context culture, the forms (conventional ways of behaving) are important the individual who does not observe the forms is perceived negatively the negative judgments for an individuals bad behavior may extend to the entire family.In embarrassing or awkward situations, people act as though nothing happened. Individuality, minor disagreements, and personality clashes are ignored, so that no action has to be taken. Taking action tends to be taken seriously, because once started an action must generally be completed. Individuals cant stop an action because they change their minds, because they develop another interest, because unforeseen consequences stand up, or because something better comes along.Consequently there is greater caution or even reluctance to initiate an undertaking or to give a promise. Chinese parent s may overlook a childs behavior, because they expect that the strong family tradition, which is based on ancestors, will cause the child ultimately to behave properly. The Clash of Low-context and High-context Cultures inThe Joy Luck Club In a low-context culture, as Edward T. Hall explains, Most of the information must be in the transmitted message in gild to make up for what is missing in the context (both internal and external). In a low-context culture change is rapid and easy bonds betwixt people are looser action is undertaken easily and can be changed or stopped once initiated. The arrests inThe Joy Luck Clubexpect their daughters to obey their elders and so hold by obedience, by observation and by imitation, as they did in China. Their elders did not explain. Because the get downs internalized values and knowledge, they seem to mount that knowledge is innate and that it is present in their daughters and only has to be brought out or activated.The internalization is so psychologically complete and so much a part of the mothers identities that they speak of it as physical. Am-mei, for instance, sees in her mother my own true nature. What was beneath my skin. Inside my bones (p. 40) to her, tie to her mother or filial comply is so deep it is in your bones (p. 41). But in this country, the mothers warnings, instructions, and example are not back up by the context of American culture, and so their daughters do not understand. They resent and misinterpret their mothers alien Chinese ways and beliefs.Similarly, the mothers do not understand why they do not have the kind of relationships with their daughters that they had with their mothers in China. The Joy Luck mothers were so close to their own mothers that they saw themselves as continuations of their mothers, like stairs. The communication problems that arise when one speaker is from a high-context culture and the other is from a low-context culture can be seen in the conversations of June and S uyuen, My mother and I never really understood one another.We translated each others meanings and I seemed to hear less(prenominal) than what was said, while my mother heard more (p. 27). June looks for meaning in what is stated and does not understand that her mother omits important information because she assumes her daughter knows it and can infer it her mother, on the other hand, looks for meaning in what has not been stated and so adds to what has been stated explicitly and comes up with meanings that surprise her daughter.The difficulties of growing up in a family from a high-context culture and living in a low-context culture appear in other Asian-American writers. The vote counter of Maxine Hong KingstonsThe Woman Warrioris unable to decide whether figures she sees are real persons or ghosts, whether stories she is told are true or fiction, what the meaning of those stories is, why she is told the stories, and whether an event really happens or is imagined. The Talk Story O ne way of maintaining and instructing children in conventional ways which Chinese immigrants adopted is the traditional Chinese talk story.According to Linda Ching Sledge, the talk story served to redefine an fortify immigrant culture by providing its members immediate, ceremonial access to ancient lore it also retained the structure of Chinese oral wisdom (parables, proverbs, formulaic description, heroic biography, casuistical dialogue). In the talk-story the narrator expects the listener to grasp the point, which is often not stated (unlike the WesternAesops Fables). Tan adopts the Chinese talk story in the mothers warning stories to their daughters.The talk story serves another function in this novel E. D. Huntley explains, Talk story enables women who have been socialized into keep mum for most of their livestheJoy Luckmothers, for instanceto reconfigure the events of those lives into acceptable public utterances painful experiences are recast in the language of folk tale c autionary reminders become gnomic phrases real life takes on the contours of myth. more than significantly, the act of performing talk story allows the story give outer to retain a comfortable distance between herself and her audience.Thus, the storyteller manages in some fashion to maintain the silence to which she is accustomed, as well as to speak out and share with others the important stories that have shaped her into the person that she is. An issue for both mothers and daughters is finding a voice, that is, finding a way to express the essential self. Themes inThe Joy Luck Club Identity. The stories tell of events which shape the identities of the mothers and daughters and give direction to their lives.Though David Denby is speaking of the movie, his description applies equally well to the novel, each story centers on a moment of creation or self-destruction in a womans life, the moment when her identity becomes dogged forever. The mothers do not question their identities, having come from a stable culture into which their families were integrated. Their daughters, however, are confused active their identities. Communication between American daughters and Chinese mothers.The mothers see their duty as encouraging and, if necessary, pushing their daughters to accompany therefore, they feel they have a right to share in their success (the Chinese view). The daughters see the mothers as trying to live through them and thereby preventing them from developing as separate individuals and from leading independent lives (the American view). The link of the Chinese mothers and Chinese daughters. The Chinese mothers form a continuity with their mothers in China, a connection which they want to establish with their American daughters.Love, loss, and redemption. Throughout there exists what David Gates calls a ferocious love between mother and daughter both in China and in this country. But the women also suffer loss, which ranges from time interval to abandon ment to rejection, in the mother-daughter relationship and in the male-female relationship. Sometimes the loss is overcome and the love re-established. Connection of the past and the present. The mothers past lives in China affect their daughters lives in this country, just as the daughters childhood experiences affect their identities and handsome lives.Power of language. Without proficiency in a common language, the Chinese mothers and American daughters cannot communicate. St. Clair cannot communicate with his wife, and so he changes her key out and her birth date, taking away her identity as a tiger. Lena St. Clair mistranslates for her father and for her mother. Also, words have great power. Expectation and reality. The mothers have great hopes for their daughters their expectations for their daughters include not just success but also freedom.They do not want their daughters lives to be determined by a rigid society and convention, as in an arranged marriage, and made unhapp y as theirs were. The American reality fulfilled their expectations in unanticipated and impossible ways. Another way of expressing this theme is The American Dream and its fulfillment. Chinese culture versus American culture. This conflict appears end-to-end the novel, from the struggles of the mothers and daughters to Lena St. Clairs Chinese eyes and American appearance and Lindo Jongs Chinese face and her American face.